Is MD5 safe?
As a checksum against accidental corruption, yes. Against someone who can make two files with the same hash, no: collisions have been practical since 2004. It is marked as broken here, with SHA-256 beside it.
Is my file uploaded?
No. It is read in chunks by your browser and hashed there, which is why a file of several gigabytes works: it never has to fit in memory at once.
Which hash does a download page mean when it does not say?
Paste it and the length tells: 32 hex characters is MD5, 40 is SHA-1, 64 is SHA-256 and 128 is SHA-512. The tool names the one that matched.
Why is CRC-32 so short?
It is a 32-bit check, 8 hex characters, made for catching transmission errors, not for security. MD5 is 128 bits and SHA-256 is 256.